Inglês · CESPE / CEBRASPE · 2023 | Questão sqc-ce152341

InglêsInterpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Código: ce152341
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão: CGDF
Ano: 2023
Nível: Superior

Cargo: Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Planejamento E Orçamento

Text CB1A2-I

Although an oft-cited poll showed that 85% of Americans approve of organ donation, less than half had made a decision about donating, and fewer still (28%) had granted permission by signing a donor card, a pattern also observed in Germany, Spain, and Sweden. Given the shortage of donors, the gap between approval and action is a matter of life and death.

What drives the decision to become a potential donor? Within the European Union, donation rates vary by nearly an order of magnitude across countries and these differences are stable from year to year. Even when controlling for variables such as transplant infrastructure, economic and educational status, and religion, large differences in donation rates persist. Why?

Most public policy choices have a no-action default, that is, a condition is imposed when an individual fails to make a decision. In the case of organ donation, European countries have one of two default policies. In presumed-consent states, people are organ donors unless they register not to be, and in explicitconsent countries, nobody is an organ donor without registering to be one.

We examined the rate of agreement to become a donor across European countries with explicit and presumed consent laws. If preferences concerning organ donation are strong, we would expect defaults to have little or no effect. However, defaults appear to make a large difference: the four opt-in countries (Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany) had lower rates than the six opt-out countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Sweden). The two distributions have no overlap, and nearly 60 percentage points separate the two groups

Our data suggest changes in defaults could increase donations in the United States of additional thousands of donors a year. Because each donor can donate for about three transplants, the consequences are substantial in lives saved. Our results stand in contrast with the suggestion that defaults do not matter. Policy-makers performing analysis in this and other domains should consider that defaults make a difference.

Eric J. Johnson; Daniel Goldstein. Do Defaults Save Lives?

Internet: <www.dangoldstein.com> (adapted).

Considering the data about the American population and their preferences regarding organ donation, presented in the first paragraph of text CB1A2-I, choose the correct option.

A85% have chosen to become organ donors.
B28% have authorized the donation of their organs.
C72% have decided not to become organ donors.
D50% have decided to donate their organs.

Compreensão de texto – Dados da população americana sobre doação de órgãos

Gabarito: letra B. O primeiro parágrafo do texto afirma que 28% dos americanos autorizaram a doação de seus órgãos ao assinar um cartão de doador ("granted permission by signing a donor card"). As demais alternativas distorcem os dados apresentados.

A banca testa a capacidade de localizar e interpretar informações percentuais explícitas no texto. Cada alternativa corresponde a um número mencionado, mas apenas a letra B reflete exatamente o que foi dito.

Alternativa A — ❌ Incorreta

Afirma que 85% escolheram se tornar doadores. O texto, porém, diz que 85% aprovam a doação de órgãos, mas não que tenham se tornado doadores. Aprovação é diferente de ação.

Alternativa B — ✅ Correta ⟵ GABARITO

O texto é claro: "fewer still (28%) had granted permission by signing a donor card". Ou seja, 28% autorizaram a doação.

Alternativa C — ❌ Incorreta

Diz que 72% decidiram não ser doadores. O texto não afirma isso; ele apenas informa que menos da metade havia tomado uma decisão ("less than half had made a decision"), e que apenas 28% autorizaram. O percentual de 72% não corresponde a uma decisão ativa de não doar.

Alternativa D — ❌ Incorreta

Informa que 50% decidiram doar. O texto menciona "less than half had made a decision", o que significa menos de 50%, e não exatamente 50%. Além disso, o percentual de autorização é 28%, não 50%.

NÃO CAIA NESSA!

Em questões de compreensão de texto, destaque os números e as palavras que os qualificam. Aqui, o verbo "approve" (aprovar) é diferente de "grant permission" (autorizar). Não confunda os dois.

Gabarito: letra B.