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Questão de Inglês — Verbos | Verbs — CESPE / CEBRASPE 2024

InglêsVerbos | Verbs
Código
ce193037
Banca
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão
TCE-AC
Ano
2024
Nível
Superior

        Iowa, a small midwestern state, finds itself in the national economic spotlight. For conservative commentators, Iowa has emerged as America’s tax-cutting champion, a paragon of fiscal responsibility. To critics it looks more like an example of economic recklessness. 


        Either way, Iowa is playing an outsized role in a bigger debate about how American states ought to manage their revenues and spending. Until a few years ago it had one of the highest income-tax rates in America. By 2026 it will be down to a flat tax of 3.9%. Iowa is far from alone. Some 25 states have cut individual income taxes over the past years. A handful, including Georgia and Idaho, are shifting to a flat tax. And a few others want to eliminate their income taxes altogether. 


        Virtually all states, regardless of political make-up, have lowered their citizens’ tax bills since 2021. Overall, this has been a rough decline in states’ tax revenues during this time, the steepest such reduction in at least four decades. But the most aggressive moves have been cuts to income taxes, and Iowa has been at the forefront of these efforts.


The Economist. A tax-cutting wave is sweeping over America’s states. Internet: . (adapted). 

Based on the ideas of the preceding text and on its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.


Even though both forms are used to indicate an action in the past, replacing “have lowered” (first sentence of the third paragraph) with lowered would make the sentence grammatically wrong. 

  1. CCerto
  2. EErrado
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GabaritoC — Certo

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Present Perfect vs Simple Past – Uso de "since"

CERTO. A frase original utiliza o present perfect "have lowered" ("Virtually all states... have lowered their citizens’ tax bills since 2021"). A locução adverbial "since 2021" indica uma ação que começou no passado e se estende até o presente, exigindo o present perfect (ou present perfect continuous). Substituir por "lowered" (simple past) quebraria essa relação: o simple past expressa uma ação concluída em um momento específico do passado, sem conexão com o agora. Em inglês padrão, o uso do simple past com "since" é considerado gramaticalmente incorreto. Portanto, a troca tornaria a frase errada.

  1. 1Since 2021
  2. 2Ação começou no passado
  3. 3Continua até o presente
  4. 4Exige Present Perfect
  5. 5[-] Simple Past quebra relação
LEVEL · soulevel.com.br

Gabarito: C (Certo).

Link permanente: /questoes/ce193037