Inglês · CESPE / CEBRASPE · 2025 | Questão sqc-ce222478

InglêsInterpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

Código: ce222478
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão: AEB
Ano: 2025
Nível: Superior

Text CB1A2

Spending time in space and having an unrivalled view of planet Earth is an experience many of us dream of, but the human body evolved to function in the gravity of Earth. So fully recovering from spending time in the weightlessness of space can take years.

“It’s a fact that space is by far the most extreme environment that humans have ever encountered and we’ve just not evolved to handle the extreme conditions,” Professor Damian Bailey, who studies human physiology, says. To begin with, the heart and blood vessels have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity — and they start to weaken. And the bones become weaker and more brittle. There should be a balance between the cells breaking down old bone and those making new, but that balance is disrupted without the feedback and resistance of working against gravity. “Every month, about 1% of bones and muscles are going to wither away — it’s accelerated ageing,” Professor Bailey says.

Microgravity also distorts the vestibular system, which is how you balance and sense which way is up. In space, there is no up, down or sideways. It can be disorientating when you go up — and again when you return to Earth.

James Gallagher. What nine months in space does to the human body.

Internet: <bbc.com> (adapted).

Considering the second paragraph of text CB1A2, choose the correct option.

AIn the excerpt ‘it’s accelerated ageing’, the word ‘it’ is a singular pronoun replacing ‘1% of bones and muscles’.
BIn the fragment ‘It’s a fact that space is by far the most extreme environment that humans have ever encountered’, ‘that’ is a pronoun replacing the word ‘It’.
CIn “Professor Damian Bailey, who studies human physiology”, omitting the comma would not change the meaning of the fragment or harm its correctness.
DIn the fragment “There should be a balance between the cells breaking down old bone and those making new”, the word “those” refers to the cells that make bones smaller.
EIn the second sentence of the paragraph, both occurrences of the pronoun “they” refer to “the heart and blood vessels”.

Revelar gabarito e comentário

GabaritoE — In the second sentence of the paragraph, both occurrences of the pronoun “they” refer to “the heart and blood vessels”.

Comentário gerado por IA. É um apoio ao estudo, ancorado em fontes, mas pode conter imprecisões — confira sempre na fonte oficial (lei, súmula, edital e gabarito da banca). Encontrou um erro? Use “Reportar”.

Pronomes e referência no texto

Gabarito: letra E. No segundo parágrafo do texto, a segunda frase é: "To begin with, the heart and blood vessels have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity — and they start to weaken." As duas ocorrências de "they" referem-se ao mesmo antecedente: "the heart and blood vessels". A alternativa E está correta.

Alternativa A — ❌ Incorreta

No trecho "it’s accelerated ageing", o pronome "it" não substitui "1% of bones and muscles" (que é uma porcentagem), mas sim o processo de definhamento ("wither away") mencionado antes. "It" atua como sujeito da oração, referindo-se à ideia de que o definhamento é um envelhecimento acelerado.

Alternativa B — ❌ Incorreta

No fragmento "It’s a fact that space is by far the most extreme environment…", a palavra "that" é uma conjunção integrante (subordinativa) que introduz uma oração substantiva subjetiva, não um pronome que substitui "It". "It" é o sujeito aparente (dummy subject), e "that" não exerce função de pronome.

Alternativa C — ❌ Incorreta

Na oração "Professor Damian Bailey, who studies human physiology", a vírgula delimita uma oração relativa explicativa (nonrestrictive). Se retirada, a relativa passa a ser restritiva, alterando o sentido: daria a entender que existe mais de um Professor Damian Bailey e que aquele que estuda fisiologia humana é o mencionado. A omissão da vírgula muda o significado e prejudica a correção.

Alternativa D — ❌ Incorreta

No trecho "cells breaking down old bone and those making new", o pronome "those" refere-se a "cells", mas especificamente às células que formam novo osso ("making new"), e não a células que "make bones smaller". O texto fala de equilíbrio entre células que degradam osso velho e células que constroem osso novo.

Alternativa E — ✅ Correta ⟵ GABARITO

A segunda frase do parágrafo diz: "the heart and blood vessels have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity — and they start to weaken." Ambos os "they" são pronomes que retomam "the heart and blood vessels" (o coração e os vasos sanguíneos). Logo, a afirmativa está correta.

Gabarito: letra E

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