Questão de Inglês — Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension — FGV 2025
InglêsInterpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
- Código
- fg107941
- Banca
- FGV
- Órgão
- CPRM
- Ano
- 2025
- Nível
- Superior
- Cargo
- Analista em Geociências - Letras
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER THE QUESTION:
TEXT I
Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March
2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy
Abstract
Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow
cover are often underrated, although sudden explosions related to
different processes of lava-snow/ice contact can occur rapidly and
are only preceded by small, easily underrated precursors. On 16
March 2017, during a mildly effusive and explosive eruption at
Mount Etna, Italy, a slowly advancing lava lobe interacted with the
snow cover to produce a sudden, brief sequence of explosions.
White vapor, brown ash, and coarse material were suddenly
ejected, and the products struck a group of people, injuring some
of them. The proximal deposit formed a continuous mantle of ash,
lapilli, and decimeter-sized bombs, while the ballistic material
travelled up to 200 m from the lava edge. The deposit was
estimated to have a mass of 7.1 ± 0.8 × 104 kg, which corresponds
to a volume of 32.0 ± 3.6 m3 of lava being removed by the
explosion. Data related to the texture and morphology of the
ejected clasts were used to constrain a model of lava-snow
interaction. The results suggest that the mechanism causing the
explosions was the progressive build-up of pressure due to vapor
accumulation under the lava flow, while no evidence was found for
the occurrence of fuel-coolant interaction processes. Although
these low-intensity explosions are not particularly frequent, the
data set collected provides, for the first time, quantitative
information about the processes involved and the associated
hazard and suggests that mitigation measures should be
established to prevent potentially dramatic accidents at
worldwide volcanoes frequented by tourists and with fairly easy
access, such as Etna.
Source: GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2325–2342. Available at
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/136/5-
6/2325/628546/Products-and-dynamics-of-lava-snow-explosions-The
The closest translation into Portuguese of “Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow cover are often underrated” is
- AAs explosões vulcânicas associadas ao derramamento de lava sobre a neve são sempre ignoradas.
- BAs erupções vulcânicas geralmente propiciam escoamentos de lava que avançam sobre a cobertura de neve.
- COs riscos das erupções vulcânicas devido ao fluxo de lava se adiantando sobre a neve costumam ser destacadas.
- DAs explosões vulcânicas produzem fluxos de lava que, associados a coberturas de neve, podem ser perigosos.
- EOs perigos vulcânicos associados aos escoamentos de lava avançando sobre a cobertura de neve são frequentemente subestimados.