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The end of the first paragraph “even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum” transported to second language teaching, means that, although methods have frequently been in use, practi…

In the second paragraph, Kamaravadivelu states that the post method condition

Segundo o autor, o pós-método significa dar ao professor autonomia, na medida em que

The following are characteristics of an approach used for second language teaching. • No use of the mother tongue is permitted (i.e., the teacher does not need to know the students’ native language). • Lessons begin with dialogues and anecd…

Pronouns are important elements for text cohesion. In the extract from the second paragraph “It signifies interrelated attributes”, the pronoun It has “the postmethod condition” as its referent. A pronoun it that does not have a referent an…

The word “while” has multiple meanings and functions. Mark the alternative in which it has the same meaning as the word in bold in the extract from the first paragraph in the text: “While alternative methods are primarily products of top-do…

In the excerpt from the second paragraph “we need to refigure the relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner”, the bolded word has been formed by the addition of the prefix re- to a base word. Mark the alternative in which the…

In the sentence from the second paragraph “If the concept of method authorizes theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative s…

Suponha que o texto de Kamaravadivelu seja usado em um curso de formação em serviço para professores de inglês. Com o texto em mãos, um dos professores-alunos imediatamente pergunta sobre o significado de overlook no trecho do terceiro pará…

The meaning of the word “overlook” as used in the second paragraph of the text is

In the extract from the third paragraph “the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as students”, the bolded fragment functions as

In the same book, Karamavadivelu proposes some macrostrategies for language teaching. These are “guiding principles derived from historical, theoretical, empirical, and experiential insights related to L2 learning and teaching”. The strateg…

Considering the information available in the presentation of the extract, it is correct to state that it is

According to the author of this text, listening in second language teaching and learning

Words ending in –ing may be verbs, nouns or adjectives, depending on the context. The bolded -ing word functions as an adjective in alternative:

In the fragment from the first paragraph “It has taken many years to bring the language teaching profession around to realizing the importance of listening in second and foreign language learning”, the bolded words form a collocation. In En…

Um professor apresenta a seus alunos uma atividade de “listening” – um diálogo entre dois falantes de inglês a respeito dos planetas Marte e Terra. Pretende que o diálogo seja o ponto de partida para uma atividade relacionada a situações de…

About changes in the language and neologisms, the author

Read the following dictionary definitions of the adjective iconic, and select the one that matches the author’s understanding of the word:

In the first paragraph, the stretch “The voiced z sound of houses is being replaced by an unvoiced s sound” is written in the passive voice. In order to be used in the passive voice, sentences must fulfill certain conditions. The sentence i…